Generators refer to mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. They are driven by water turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines, or other power machinery, which convert the energy generated by water flow, airflow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy and transmit it to the generator, which then converts it into electrical energy.

Generators have a wide range of applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, technology, and daily life. There are many forms of generators, but their working principles are based on the laws of electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is to use appropriate magnetic and conductive materials to form a magnetic circuit and circuit for mutual electromagnetic induction, in order to generate electromagnetic power and achieve the purpose of energy conversion.

Main structure of the generator

Usually composed of components such as stator, rotor, end cover, and bearings.

The stator is composed of a stator core, a wire wrapped winding, a frame, and other structural components that fix these parts.

The rotor is composed of components such as the rotor core (or magnetic pole, magnetic choke) winding, guard ring, center ring, slip ring, fan, and shaft.

The stator and rotor of the generator are connected and assembled by bearings and end caps, enabling the rotor to rotate in the stator and perform the movement of cutting magnetic lines of force, thereby generating induced electromotive force. It is led out through wiring terminals and connected to the circuit, generating current.

Main classification of generators

Generators are divided into DC generators and AC generators;

Alternators are divided into synchronous generators and asynchronous generators (rarely used);

Alternators can also be divided into single-phase generators and three-phase generators.

There are many types of generators. In principle, it can be divided into synchronous generators, asynchronous generators, single-phase generators, and three-phase generators. It can be divided into steam turbine generator, water turbine generator, diesel generator, gasoline generator, etc. in terms of generation mode. From the perspective of energy, it can be divided into thermal generators, hydroelectric generators, etc.

Working principle of generator

Diesel generator

The diesel engine drives the generator to operate, converting the energy of diesel into electrical energy.

In the cylinder of a diesel engine, the clean air filtered by the air filter is thoroughly mixed with the high-pressure atomized diesel injected by the fuel injector. Under the upward compression of the piston, the volume decreases and the temperature rapidly increases, reaching the ignition point of the diesel. Diesel fuel is ignited, the mixture of gases burns violently, the volume expands rapidly, and the piston is pushed downwards, which is called "work".

Gasoline generator

The gasoline engine drives the generator to operate, converting the energy of gasoline into electrical energy.

In the cylinder of a gasoline engine, the mixture of gases burns fiercely and rapidly expands in volume, pushing the piston downward to do work.

Whether it is a diesel generator or a gasoline generator, each cylinder works in a certain order, and the thrust acting on the piston is converted into the force that drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, thereby driving the crankshaft to rotate. By coaxial installation of a brushless synchronous AC generator with the crankshaft of the power machine, the rotor of the generator can be driven by the rotation of the power machine. By utilizing the principle of 'electromagnetic induction', the generator will output induced electromotive force, which can generate current through a closed load circuit.

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